![]() These moral emotions are elicited through self-reflection and self-evaluations about one’s behavior and may be associated with various psychopathological symptoms (Tangney et al., 2007). Since society does not always accept “different behavior” this can lead to stigmatization (Zhou et al., 2018) and feelings of guilt and shame (Burrell et al., 2017). Sometimes, parents of children with ASD encounter criticism from other people who make judgements about their child's behavior or their parenting practices (Ludlow et al., 2012). Parents often have to cope with hostile glances, especially when the child’s behavior is socially inappropriate. ( 2015) found that these behavioral and emotional problems in preschool children with ASD are strong predictors of parental stress.Ĭhildren with ASD can also have visibly atypical and different behavior patterns, which may be exhibited in a variety of social contexts (Faras et al., 2010). Parents of ASD children have to cope with their children’s various behavioral and emotional problems (for example sleep problems, attention problems, self-injuries or aggressiveness). The research largely suggests that parents of children with ASD have higher levels of parental stress than parents of neurotypical (NT) children (Zablotsky et al., 2013) and even higher levels than parents of children with other disabilities (Hayes & Watson, 2013). Parenting children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be very demanding and stressful. Deficits in these areas can often result in limited independence and the person requiring continuous lifelong care, usually provided by the parents. The disorder is characterized mainly by deficits in social communication and interaction, but also significant behavioral stereotypes (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). We highlight the importance of self-forgiveness as a potential coping mechanism for parental stress and suggest focusing on negative aspects of shame in parents of children with ASD.Īutism spectrum disorder is classified as a pervasive developmental disorder with an ambiguous etiology and is a lifelong condition (Faras et al., 2010). ![]() Acceptance, social support, religious beliefs, and love from the child were the most often mentioned factors helping self-forgiveness in parents of children with ASD. Parents of children with ASD mostly experienced shame in regard to their child’s inappropriate behavior or it being misunderstood by society, while parents of NT children mostly did not feel ashamed of their parenting. ![]() The qualitative analysis obtained a more comprehensive understanding of both groups. ![]() Parents of children with ASD experience more shame than parents of NT children. Furthermore, shame mediated the pathway between self-forgiveness and parental stress in parents of children with ASD. The regression analysis confirmed that guilt, shame, and self-forgiveness explained 23% of the variance in parental stress, while the only significant negative predictor was self-forgiveness. The research sample consisted of 143 parents of children with ASD and 135 parents of NT children from Slovakia. The data were obtained by the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (Thompson et al., 2005), Guilt and Shame Experience Scale (Maliňáková et al., 2019), Parental Stress Scale (Berry & Jones, 1995) and by open-ended questions. Read the SPSS Statistics 22 Announcement Letter for additional details.A mixed-method approach was used to explore and compare self-forgiveness, guilt, shame, and parental stress in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and parents of neurotypical (NT) children. Spss 22 Free Download For Windows 7 64 Bit With CrackSPSS Statistics 22 is now available for download by supported customers.
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